GoldenWatch

Discovering the Golden Years

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Retirement in History and Literature

Since today is the Ides of March, I’m thinking of Julius Caesar and how he was retired by Brutus and Cassius. Needless to say, forced retirements can be abrupt, surprising and painful. I’m sure that Julius thought he would live forever. He also thought that he was beloved by the citizens and Senators of Rome. He ignored the soothsayer and continued working when he should have stayed hidden at home under his bed. The lesson here is that if you don’t have a good plan for retirement, someone else may take matters into their own hands. Julius had identified Octavian as his heir, but to get his inheritance Octavian was force to fight a civil war. Hopefully our wills will be more persuasive and our children won’t fight over the terms of our wills. Alexander the Great when asked who would inherit his empire is supposed to have said “The Strongest”. It turned out that six of his generals were about to come to an agreement on how they could divide the empire between themselves. There is some evidence in the historical record that Alexander had in fact killed his father because he was concerned that his father had taken another wife who could potentially give birth to a rival prince. 

 

Diocletian is on the other extreme, he had a very detailed plan for how to reorganize the Roman Empire. In 300 AD the empire had become so large that he proposed that it be divided into two parts and each half was to be ruled by an emperor who had a deputy emperor called a Caesar. The Caesars were the heirs to take over when the emperors turned over power. Diocletian was excited to see how his new plan called theTetrarchy would work so he retired to the city of Split on the Adriatic Sea. This maybe where the term “to split” got its origin. He also forced the other Emperor to retire against his will. Unfortunately the plan failed because the heirs weren’t satisfied with only “half an empire” and began a war to determine who would be the ultimate Emperor. I guess this demonstrates that retirements can be over planned; or perhaps it suggests that a plan should be flexible enough to handle the tribulations of the real world.

 

Many people actively integrate their children into their retirement plan. Historically Ferdinand and Isabella were the most successful. They planned for their heirs to rule all of Europe. They proposed to do this through marrying their children to the other crowned heads of Europe. And they were very successful ultimately their grandson Charles V became the Holy Roman Emperor. He was able to spend the great fortune that the Spanish brought back from the new world in a long series of wars between various European and Middle Eastern factions.  Ultimately he ran out of energy and money and retired to the monastic life. If he had done that at an earlier stage in life he would have saved the lives of ten million people and many billions of dollars. I guess this is an argument for early retirement. It suggests that if you stay on the job too long it can cause great grief to many people and be very expensive.

 

On the other hand King Lear had a plan for early retirement. He wanted to step aside and turn over his Kingdom to one of his three daughters. However he had trouble deciding which daughter was the most deserving. And he had trouble deciding which daughter loved him the most. Or actually if any of them really loved him at all or if they just loved the idea of taking over his kingdom. The fact that his daughters were heirs to the kingdom also complicated their lives because they attracted men who were really more interested in being king then in a marriage of love. Once Lear retired he lamented the loss of power. He felt that he was no longer loved. The situation played on his mind to the degree that he ended up as a ragged beggar ranting and raving in the rain.

 

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Submit essays to: Wayne R. Hudson at wrhudson@yahoo.com